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Olwynn Coyote

Junk DNA

The non-coding sequences or "junk dna" are common to all living organisms on Earth, from molds to fish to humans and make up 97% of our total DNA structure. The function of these non-coding sequences remain a mystery to scientists. Unlike normal genes, which carry the information that intracellular machinery uses to synthesize proteins, enzymes and other chemicals produced by our bodies, non-coding sequences are never used for any purpose. They are never expressed, meaning that the information they carry is never read, no substance is synthesized and they have no function at all. We exist on only 3% of our DNA.
Recent research indicates that active transposable elements (which make the largest part of the "junk") actually have a strong mutagenic power. They are preferably activated under stress (i.e. situations where rapid evolution is required). Thus, one evolutionary function of transposable elements is to provide genomic rearrangements (i.e. genomic turnover) that accelerates genome evolution and provides genomic "raw material" from which new variation can arise.

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